Formatting is a preproduction design step that focuses on the layout and presentation of copy. Decisions are made about everything from the title page; table of contents; headers and footers; and page numbers to font style; margins; alignment; and graph, table, and image placement. Elements are arranged on the page with attention to where the eye is drawn to create a “visual hierarchy” that improves the readability and aesthetic appeal of the typeset. Formatting can be informed by a house style guide or by individual preference according to what makes sense for a particular text.